中考英語“閱讀理解”題主要是考查考生綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)語言知識的能力。很多同學(xué)在做題時(shí)常常有一種“讀得懂做不對”的感覺。那么有必要對閱讀理解這種題型及其解題技巧作一些簡要的分析。

01

首先，中考試題中的閱讀文章題材多樣(涉及政治經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)文化、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、歷史、地理、科學(xué)技術(shù)等各個(gè)方面)，體裁形式豐富(包括記敘文、說明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文以及新聞報(bào)道、廣告、通知、操作說明、表格等)，這就需要考生在平時(shí)對各方面的文章都有所訓(xùn)練，迎合中考命題趨勢。

02

其次，閱讀理解主要是考查考生綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)語言知識的能力，對書面語言的理解能力，尤其是獲取信息的能力。在閱讀技巧上，考生要了解文章的個(gè)別詞或句子、文章的某細(xì)節(jié)或情節(jié)、文章的主題、文章的背景知識、文章的結(jié)論或結(jié)局、文章內(nèi)涵的寓意等。

03

第三，從問題設(shè)置上可以將問題總結(jié)為四種類型：直接性題目，理解性題目，推理性題目和概括性題目。

1.直接性題目：這種題目比較簡單，只要通讀全文，了解文中所敘述的重要事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，就可以解答出來，有的甚至可以直接從文章的原句中找到答案。

例題分析

【例1】　(2011溫州) History

Canberra is the eighth largest city in Australia. It is 238 km from Sydney and 507 km from Melboume. Melbourne was once the capital of Australia. Sydney people also wanted to make their city the capital. It was difficult for the government to make the decision. Then in 1911, the government chose a place to build the new capital. It was between Sydney and Melbourne, the two largest cities in Australia. It took more than 14 years to build the city, In 1927, the city was set up. It became the capital and was named Canberra. “Canberra” means “a place for friends to get together”.

( )26. How far is Canberra from Sydney?

A. 25 km. B. 238 km. C. 345 km. D. 507 km.

解析：本題屬于直接性題目。由第二句It is 238 km from Sydney...

可知B為正確答案。

( )27. The word “Canberra” means ________.

A. the largest city B. beautiful manmade lake

C. the old capital city D. a place for friends to get together

解析：本題屬于直接性題目。由最后一句“Canberra” means

“a place for friends to get together”.可知D為正確答案。

拓展　此類題目通常出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解A篇，同學(xué)們只要細(xì)心，

就能在原文找到答案。

( )(1)You can see this ad ________.

A. at a cafe B. at a library C. at school D. at home

( )(2)We can go for lunch at ________ on Monday.

A. 10∶30 B. 11∶45 C. 12∶30 D. 14∶30

( )(3)Mrs. Zhou will spend ________ if she goes for dinner on Friday.

A. $6 B. $7 C. $ 11 D. $ 12

2.理解性問題：要求對文中個(gè)別難詞、關(guān)鍵詞、詞組或句子做出解釋。解答這類題目時(shí)需要對有關(guān)的上下文，甚至整篇文章的內(nèi)容建立準(zhǔn)確、立體的理解才能做出正確的選擇。

【例2】　(2011衢州)

But can you imagine that a tree can talk and share news too? Of course, no tree moves lips and says words just as people do. Strange as it may sound, though, some trees do manage to communicate with each other.

( )50. the underlined word “lips” in the first paragraph means________.

A. 樹干 B. 嘴唇 C. 枝條 D. 手勢

解析：本題屬于理解性問題。says words just as people do意為

“像人一樣說話”，我們都知道人是移動(dòng)嘴唇說話的。因此

lips意為“嘴唇”符合題意。故選B。

【例3】　(2011溫州D篇)

DIY can also be dangerous. For example, anything electrical should be done by a professional worker. Unluckily, many people don’t care about this warning and put themselves in danger. It is reported that in just one year over 230,000 people were hurt while doing DIY in UK, including 41,000 who fell off ladders.

Therefore, DIY can bring us fun and help us save money, but it is not always as easy as it is thought to be if we bite off more than we can chew. Maybe factories should make products that are easier and safer for us to DIY.

( )40. In the passage, “we bite off more than we can chew” probably means ________.

A. we can eat everything we like B. we should do something difficult

C. we do something that is too difficult D. we eat too much food that is not safe

解析：本題屬于理解性問題。從 “DIY can also be dangerous.”，“one year over 230,000 people were_hurtwhile doing DIY in UK”及“it is not always as easy as it is thought to be if we bite off more than we can chew”中的加橫線的詞可判斷“DIY”是困難的。故選C。

拓展 對于詞匯題目，一定要根據(jù)上下文去確定詞義，切忌望文生義。在出現(xiàn)這種題目時(shí)，其下文往往有相應(yīng)的解釋，有的以破折號引出，有的以同義詞或短語引出，有的以該詞的反義形式說明，但無論哪種形式，在原文中都是會(huì)有相應(yīng)提示，解題時(shí)要多注意總結(jié)歸納。

◎即學(xué)即用2：

Shopping on the Internet is becoming more and more popular. Why do people use the Internet to shop? Some people say it is more convenient. They don’t have to leave their homes to order something; they can shop for anything they want at any time; they can find things for sale that they can’t find in the stores near their homes. Still other people say they can find better prices on the Internet.(2011重慶)

( )(1)The Chinese meaning of the word “convenient” in this passage is “ ________”.

A. 時(shí)髦的 B. 較近的 C. 方便的 D. 可用的

On May 8th, 2011, Premier Wen Jiabao made his 10th visit to Sichuan Province after the earthquake. He visited a lot of middle schools and neighborhoods. At Beichuan Middle School, Premier Wen embraced a student named Zhang Haiyang, who lost both of his legs in the earthquake. The students told Premier Wen that their new school was very beautiful. And they would never forget that it was built with the hearts and strength of people across the whole country.(2011寧波)

( )(2)What does the underlined word “ embraced” mean in Paragraph 5?

A. Put arms around him in a loving way.

B. Shook hands with him in a friendly way.

C. Bowed to him in a very polite way.

D. Smiled at him in a very kind way

3.推理性題目：這種題目考生往往不能直接從文中找到答案，而需要根據(jù)上下文及其相互間的關(guān)系或?qū)φ�篇文章進(jìn)行深層理解后，才能找到答案。有時(shí)甚至還得考慮作者的主旨、意圖等因素加以推理，才能獲得正確答案。

【例4】　The day before the surgery I was off school, and my mom planned the best day of my life, everything I loved at seven and everything that would put a smile on my face. The day began with her waking me up saying, “Kate, I have a surprise for you. Come and see.” The surprise was a doll I had wanted for the longest time. Throughout the day, she told me everything that she thought I would need to know to grow up and be a good person; she told me to be the best I could be and that I would always make her proud. We had a picnic in the park, and it was so cold that we moved to the car. The day was filled with laughter. For the first time in a long time I could see she was really happy. I would never forget her smile, or the way her eyes shone as if we were the same age. It was the best day of my life, and I will never forget the conversations we shared.

( )What did the writer’s mother do the day before the

surgery?

A. She stayed at home to have a good rest. B. She went to the doctor’s for advice.

C. She turned to her family for comfort. D. She stayed all day with her child.

◎即學(xué)即用3：

My mother managed to live through the surgery. Now when I look back, I realize that the best day of my life could be her last and this could be the last day I would remember with her, the last one we shared. I also understand how unselfish a mother is.

( )The underlined sentence in the last paragraph suggests that________.

A. her mother was ill again B. the surgery was unsuccessful

C. her mother was getting better D. the surgery was simple

4.概括性題目：要求考生在閱讀和理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對文章做出歸納、概括或評價(jià)。解答這種題目時(shí)，不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義，比如涉及文章的標(biāo)題、主題、結(jié)論、結(jié)局等有關(guān)問題，都需要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所學(xué)語言知識、背景知識、生活常識、專業(yè)知識進(jìn)行邏輯思維推理判斷，從而獲取文章中內(nèi)含的信息。

【例5】　(2011金華)

Except for a few times, Americans are not big presentgivers. There’s no exchange of presents among business people, and if one American tries to give another a present, it may look like that he wants to bribe(賄賂) him. Americans have learned that in some other countries people like to give presents to others, but among ourselves we don’t see the need for presents.

Even friends may never exchange presents. When I go to foreign countries, I try to bring back little things for close friends, but nobody would feel unhappy if I didn’t. I don’t often remember a friend’s birthday, and few people outside of my family remember mine. If someone gave me presents too often, I’d get unpleasant. But a present from a foreigner—that kind from his or her homeland —won’t go wrong, except to government employees(政府職員) who can’t be given presents.

You usually open a present at once and in front of the person who gives it except Christmas and birthday presents. You should only say, “It’s so nice. Thanks...” when you get Christmas or birthday presents.

You may want to bring a bottle of wine(葡萄酒) or flowers to a dinner party, but you’re never asked to. Nobody will mind if you bring wine, but your friend may not use it that evening.

At Christmas we often give presents to our family and sometimes our friends. We also give presents to people who have been helpful during the year—doormen, babysitters, house cleaners, newspaper senders—anyone who has often helped us.

( )60. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Presentgiving in the United States.

B. Customs(習(xí)俗) in the United States.

C. American people and presentgiving.D. When and how to give presents.

◎即學(xué)即用4：

DIY, which means Do It Yourself, is quite popular in UK. Lots of stores and supermarkets sell DIY things. TV proprammes show people how to DIY.

English people like DIY. There is a saying in UK—“An Englishman’s home is his castle”. Huge numbers of people spend their holidays making their homes beautiful “castles”. If there is anything that needs fixing around their houses, such as painting the walls or putting in a new shower, they will do the jobs themselves. They share DIY experiences with their friends. More and more people have discovered the joy of DIY. Sometimes people also DIY for saving money. With the economic downturn at present, many people can not afford to buy a bigger house. They are looking at how they can make their house better without spending a lot of money. It is not surprising that DIY is so popular.

DIY can be difficult. There is a huge market for DIY furniture which people need to put together themselves with a few basic tools. However, people often find it not easy to build a piece of furniture because they can’t understand the instructions. Sometimes the instructions are simple and clear, but the furniture itself is difficult to build. One thing is for sure, though most DIY projects are started with the best intentions, many of them may not get finished. DIY can also be dangerous. For example, anything electrical should be done by a professional worker. Unluckily, many people don’t care about this warning and put themselves in danger. It is reported that in just one year over 230,000 people were hurt while doing DIY in UK, including 41,000 who fell off ladders.

Therefore, DIY can bring us fun and help us save money, but it is not always as easy as it is thought to be if we bite off more than we can chew. Maybe factories should make products that are easier and safer for us to DIY.

( )What can we learn from the passage?

A. DIY is a waste of money. B. It is always difficult to DIY.

C. We should be careful while doing DIY. D. It’s very safe for us to DIY

即學(xué)即用1：A C D 即學(xué)即用2：C A即學(xué)即用3：C即學(xué)即用4：C

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