8大時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)

一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

1、概念：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況;有規(guī)律出現(xiàn)的情況;總是發(fā)生的;事實(shí)真理。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week (day, year, month…), on Sundays (on Mondays…), etc.

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形(如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式)

4.否定形式：主語(yǔ)+am / is / are+not+其他;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加 don't，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，則用 doesn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

5.一般疑問(wèn)句：把 be 動(dòng)詞放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞 do 提問(wèn)，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，則用 does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。

eg：①I(mǎi)t seldom snows here. 這里很少下雪。②He is always ready to help others. 他總是樂(lè)于幫助別人。③Action speaks louder than words. 事實(shí)勝雄辯。

二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)

1.概念：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last (year,night,month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time,etc.

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式或 be 的過(guò)去式+名詞

4.否定形式：主語(yǔ)+was / were+not+其他;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

5.一般疑問(wèn)句：was 或 were 放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞 do 的過(guò)去式 did 提問(wèn)，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

eg：①She often came to help us in those days.那些天她經(jīng)常來(lái)幫助我們。②I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你這么忙。

三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)

1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Tomorrow, next day (week,month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow,etc.

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+am/is / are+going to+do+其它;主語(yǔ)+will / shall+do+其它

4.否定形式：主語(yǔ)+am /is/ are not going to+do;主語(yǔ)+will / shall not do+其它

5.一般疑問(wèn)句：be 放于句首;will / shall 提到句首。(首字母大寫(xiě))

eg：①They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他們將在學(xué)習(xí)中與我們競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。②It is going to rain.天要下雨了。

四、一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

1.概念：立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，從過(guò)去看將來(lái)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：The next day (morning, year…), the following month (week…), etc.

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+was / were+going to+do+其它;主語(yǔ)+would / should+do+其它

4.否定形式：主語(yǔ)+was / were+not+going to+do+其它;主語(yǔ)+would/should+not+do.

5.一般疑問(wèn)句：was 或 were 放于句首;would / should 提到句首

eg：①He said he would go to Beijing the next day. 他說(shuō)他第二天要去北京。②I asked who was going there. 我問(wèn)，誰(shuí)要去那里。

五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Now, at this time, days, look, listen, etc.

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+be+doing+其它

4.否定形式：主語(yǔ)+be+not+doing+其它

5.一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。

eg：

①Are you feeling good today?你今天感覺(jué)如何?

②He is doing well in his lessons.在課上他表現(xiàn)得很好。

六、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.概念：表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at this time yesterday, at that time 或以 when 引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu): 主語(yǔ)+was / were+doing+其它

4.否定形式：主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+doing+其它

5.一般疑問(wèn)句：把 was 或 were 放于句首。(第一個(gè)字母大寫(xiě))

eg：①At that time she was working in a company. 那段時(shí)間她在一家公司工作。②When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 他進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，我正在讀報(bào)紙。

七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1.概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yet, already, just, never, ever, so far, by now, since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+時(shí)間段，recently, lately, in the past few years,etc.

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+have / has+過(guò)去分詞+其它

4.否定形式：主語(yǔ)+have / has+not+過(guò)去分詞+其它

5.一般疑問(wèn)句：have 或 has 放句首。

eg：①I(mǎi)'ve written an article. 我已經(jīng)寫(xiě)了一篇論文。②The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 在過(guò)去的幾年，農(nóng)村發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

八、過(guò)去完成時(shí)

1.概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生或者已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：before, by the end of last year (term, month), etc.

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had+done.

4.否定形式：had+not+done.

5.一般疑問(wèn)句：had 放于句首。

6.用法：(1)在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。

eg：She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)巴黎。

(2)在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過(guò)去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

eg：①When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達(dá)時(shí)，小偷們?cè)缇团芰恕?/p>

(3)表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"。

eg：①We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時(shí)我們希望你能來(lái)，但是你沒(méi)有來(lái)。

②I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我剛打開(kāi)門(mén)，他就打了我。(注意：had hardly… when... 剛......就......)

③He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買(mǎi)了這輛車(chē)，轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣(mài)了。(注意：had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……)

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