來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2022-11-17 19:19:32
一、 主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的概念
1)He opened the door. 他開了門。
以上例句是一個(gè)主動(dòng)句,主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者/發(fā)出者
2)The door was opened by him. 門被開了。
第二個(gè)例句是一個(gè)被動(dòng)句,主語是動(dòng)作的承受者
漢語中表示被動(dòng)的詞:被…/ 由…/ 受…/ 給…
英語中表被動(dòng)用:be+過去分詞構(gòu)成
二、 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法
1)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種句型
肯定句:主語+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+(by)
eg: My phone was made in China.
否定句:主語+be not+過去分詞+(by)
eg: My phone wasn’t made in China.
一般疑問句:Be+主語+過去分詞+(by)?
eg: Was your phone made in China?
特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+be+主語+過去分詞+(by)?
eg: Where was your phone made?
2)不同時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
3) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法
當(dāng)不知道或沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí),常用被動(dòng)語態(tài),這時(shí)往往不用by短語。The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday.
昨天,教室的前窗被打破了。(不知誰打破的)
They have been poorly paid.
他們的工資太低。(沒必要指出工資是誰付的)
突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者,如果需要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,用by短語。
These books are written especially for children.
這些書是專門為孩子們寫的。(強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“這些書”)
三、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)
1)一般情況下主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)
主動(dòng)句:He closed the door.
變被動(dòng)句:The door was closed by him.
口訣:賓變主,主變賓,謂變be done, 時(shí)不變,數(shù)格必須隨被變。
2)主動(dòng)語態(tài)中若有雙賓語
Vivian gave me a book. 雙賓語(me是間賓, book是直賓)
-I was given a book by Vivian. 間接賓語提前
-A book was given to me by Vivian. 直接賓語提前時(shí),要在間接賓語前加介詞
動(dòng)詞make/buy/get用for; 動(dòng)詞give/send/lend/take用to
3) “感使動(dòng)詞” (feel, hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, look at)真奇怪,主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)“to”走開,被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)又請(qǐng)來,十個(gè)動(dòng)詞要記牢,不會(huì)被它再難倒。
We saw him play football on the playground.
我們看見他在操場(chǎng)上打籃球。
變被動(dòng):He was seen to play football on the playground.
他被我們看到在操場(chǎng)上打籃球。
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