來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2022-05-24 10:51:24
句子成分
英語(yǔ)句子成分分七種:主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
1、主語(yǔ):句子的主體,全句述說(shuō)的對(duì)象;卮鹗“誰(shuí)”或者“什么”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句擔(dān)當(dāng),位于句首。
如:The boy needs a pen.
Smoking is bad for you = To smoke is bad for you
2、謂語(yǔ):說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。回答“做(什么)”。由動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)擔(dān)任,常置于主語(yǔ)后。
如:The train leaves at 6 o’clock.
She is reading.
3、賓語(yǔ):表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象;卮鹱龅氖“什么”。一般由名詞或代詞擔(dān)當(dāng),常置于謂語(yǔ)后。
如:He won the game.
He likes playing computer.
注意:
(1)有些及物動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),一個(gè)指物(直接賓語(yǔ)),一個(gè)指人(間接賓語(yǔ))。
間接賓語(yǔ)一般放在直接賓語(yǔ)前面。
如:He wrote me a letter . (他給我寫了一封信)
(2)有時(shí)可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語(yǔ)前構(gòu)成短語(yǔ),放在直接賓語(yǔ)后面,來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語(yǔ)。
如:He wrote a letter to me . (他給我寫了一封信)
4、表語(yǔ):用以表述主語(yǔ)的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等;卮鹗“什么”或者“怎么樣”。一般由名詞或形容詞擔(dān)任,置于系動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞之后。
如:He is a student. We are tired.
注意:除了be 系動(dòng)詞外,還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞,
(1)表感官的動(dòng)詞: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。
(2)表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞: become, get, grow, turn, go等。
(3)表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。
5、定語(yǔ):對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。
如:The black bike is mine.(形容詞)
The boy in blue is Jim.(介詞短語(yǔ))
I have nothing to do today.(動(dòng)詞不定式)
注意:
(1)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾不定代詞如:nothing , anything , everything , something等時(shí),定語(yǔ)要放在其后作后置定語(yǔ)。例如: I tell him something interesting.
(2)不定式、短語(yǔ)或從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí),也放在被修飾的名詞之后。
例如:The boys who are in the room are playing games.
6、狀語(yǔ):用以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞及全句,通常由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等擔(dān)任位置靈活。
(1)修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),通常位于被修飾的詞之前;
如:I am very sorry.
(2)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首。
如:In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.
They are writing English in the classroom.
(3)一些表示不確定時(shí)間(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副詞狀語(yǔ)通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后,動(dòng)詞之前。
如:We often help him.
He is always late for class.
7、補(bǔ)語(yǔ):補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)怎么樣或干什么,。由n./adj./介賓/分詞/不定式等擔(dān)任。常位于賓語(yǔ)后。
如:He made me sad.(形容詞)
She asks me to take an umbrella.(不定式)
The war made him a soldier.(名詞)
I find him at home.(介詞短語(yǔ))
I saw a cat running along the wall.(分詞)
8、同位語(yǔ):通常緊跟在名詞、代詞后面,進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明它的情況, 它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語(yǔ)或從句充當(dāng)。
如:Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.
I myself will do the experiment.
She is the oldest among them six.
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