think，believe 賓語(yǔ)從句的用法

一、否定轉(zhuǎn)移

當(dāng)think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等動(dòng)詞后接的賓語(yǔ)從句為含有not的否定句時(shí)，該否定應(yīng)移至主句，即否定主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。主句是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來(lái)，例如：

I don't think it will rain tomorrow.

We don't expect our football team will win the World Cup.

但hope后接的賓語(yǔ)從句的否定不需要轉(zhuǎn)移。例如：

I hope you weren't ill. (Unit 15 READING)

需要特別說明的是：涉及到轉(zhuǎn)移的只是not，not以外的其它否定詞，如no, never, hardly, few, little, seldom等，不必轉(zhuǎn)移。例如：

I believe my brother has never been late for school.

We can imagine birds can hardly live without these woods.

二、反意疑問句的構(gòu)成視情況不同有兩種

think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成的主從復(fù)合句在構(gòu)成反意疑問句時(shí)，視情況不同有兩種不同的構(gòu)成方式。

1.當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí)，其后的簡(jiǎn)短問句應(yīng)與從句相一致。例如：

I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he?

We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?

值得注意的是，當(dāng)這些動(dòng)詞后接的賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句時(shí)，其仍屬否定句，故其后的簡(jiǎn)短問句應(yīng)用肯定式，而非否定式。例如：

I don't believe that he can translate this book, can he?

We don't imagine the twins have arrived, have they?

此類句子的回答同"前否后肯"型反意疑問句一樣，如上述后一個(gè)句子，若雙胞胎已經(jīng)到了，則回答為"Yes, they have.";若尚未到達(dá)，使用"No, they haven't."。

2.當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)為第二、三人稱時(shí)，其后的簡(jiǎn)短問句則應(yīng)與主句相一致。例如：

Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?

You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you?

They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?

She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?

三、簡(jiǎn)略回答用so或not

口語(yǔ)中，可以用so或not替代這些動(dòng)詞之后的肯定或否定的賓語(yǔ)從句，以避免重復(fù)。例如：

1. - Are you able to come to our party tomorrow?

-I think so. What time? (so= I am able to come to your party tomorrow)

2. -Is my car ready?

-I believe not. (I don't believe so.)

這里的not = it is not ready;so = it is ready。

3. -Is Peter coming to the concert?

-I expect so/not.

需要說明的是，在think, imagine, believe三詞的否定答語(yǔ)中，用don't think/imagine/believe so比用not更為常見。hope則只能使用not，不能使用don't hope so。例如：

4. -Will it rain the day after tomorrow?

-I hope so. / I hope not. (不能說： I don't hope so.)

英語(yǔ)中表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)、信念、推測(cè)及臆測(cè)等心理活動(dòng)的主從復(fù)合句在表示“認(rèn)為……不”等含義的賓語(yǔ)從句中，常需要進(jìn)行否定轉(zhuǎn)移，既主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定式，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式�？捎糜谠摻Y(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞主要有think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, feel等。例如：

1. I don’t think this magazine is worth reading.我認(rèn)為這本雜志不值得讀。

2. I don’t believe that he can fix the bike.我認(rèn)為他修不好這輛自行車。

3. I don’t suppose that I know you.我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。

這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，下面幾種情況一般不接受否定轉(zhuǎn)移。

一、當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為“一般過去時(shí)”或“過去完成時(shí)”時(shí)。

1. I thought it wasn’t his duty to help Tom.我認(rèn)為幫助湯姆不是他的職責(zé)。

2. I had thought he wouldn’t come.我原以為他不會(huì)來(lái)。

二、當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為“過去進(jìn)行時(shí)”時(shí)。1. I was thinking the room was not hot enough.我在想那間房間不夠熱。

2. I was thinking they couldn’t receive our demands.我在想他們不可能接受我們的要求。

三、當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”或“現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)”時(shí)。

1. I’ve supposed that I won’t trouble you again.我想我不會(huì)再麻煩你了。

2. I’ve been thinking that the sky won’t fall down.我一直相信天不會(huì)塌下來(lái)。

四、當(dāng)think用在疑問句中時(shí)。

1. Why do you think I can’t change your note?你為什么認(rèn)為我兌不開你的鈔票呢?

2. Do you think my mother wouldn’t permit this?你認(rèn)為我媽媽不會(huì)答應(yīng)嗎?

五、當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)。

He must think I am not fit for the job.他一定認(rèn)為我不適合這項(xiàng)工作。

六、當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)。

I really think you needn’t worry about his safety.我真的認(rèn)為你沒有必要為他的安全擔(dān)心。

七、當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的助動(dòng)詞do , does, did修飾時(shí)

1. I do think it is not wise of him to do so.我確實(shí)認(rèn)為他這么做是不明智的。

2. I do think that he doesn’t tell a lie.我真的相信他沒有撒謊。

八、當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中有no, never, hardly等否定詞時(shí)。

1. We all think that he’s a fellow good for nothing.我們都認(rèn)為他是個(gè)不中用的人。

2. I believe John never tells a lie.我相信約翰從不說謊。

九、當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中含有not at all, not a bit, not…enough, can’t help doing等一些固定詞組時(shí)。

1. I think he is not at all tired.我想他一點(diǎn)也不累。

2. I think I can’t help laughing if I see it.我想我看見時(shí)會(huì)忍不住大笑的。

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