來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)來源 作者:中考網(wǎng)編輯 2020-06-23 13:52:49
中考網(wǎng)整理了關(guān)于2020中考英語語法知識(shí)之非謂語動(dòng)詞考題的兩大法寶,希望對(duì)同學(xué)們有所幫助,僅供參考。
通過對(duì)歷年高考英語非謂語動(dòng)詞考題的歸納和比較可以看出,每年差不多有三分之二的非謂語動(dòng)詞考題可能涉及以下“關(guān)系”:主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)關(guān)系以及動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系。如果同學(xué)們?cè)谧鲱}時(shí)能充分注意這兩大“關(guān)系”,并據(jù)此進(jìn)行分組排除,然后結(jié)合其他非謂語動(dòng)詞的相關(guān)知識(shí),攻克非謂語動(dòng)詞這一難點(diǎn)也就變得很容易了。
一、利用主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)關(guān)系
這里說的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)關(guān)系,指的是非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作與其邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。若是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,非謂語動(dòng)詞就用主動(dòng)式;若是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,非謂語動(dòng)詞就用被動(dòng)式。下面分三類舉例說明:
1. 涉及不定式的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)式
(1) I feel greatly honored _________ into their society. (北京卷)
A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed
答案為C。be (feel) honored后習(xí)慣上接不定式,故可排除B和D;又因?yàn)镮與welcome之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用不定式的被動(dòng)式。
(2) The message is very important, so it is supposed _________ as soon as possible. (陜西卷)
A. to be sent B. to send C. being sent D. sending
答案為A。be supposed后習(xí)慣上不接動(dòng)名詞,而接不定式,其意為“應(yīng)該做某事”,故可排除C和D;又因?yàn)?ldquo;消息”與“傳達(dá)”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用被動(dòng)式。
2. 涉及動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)式
At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _________ could be heard outside the classroom. (全國II)
A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed D. to open and close
答案為C。由于desks與open和close的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故要用被動(dòng)式,可排除D;又因?yàn)橛糜诮樵~of后作賓語,所以要用動(dòng)名詞,不用不定式或過去分詞,故可排除A和D,所以答案選C。
3. 涉及現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)式
_________ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. (北京卷)
A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen
答案為A。首先要排除B和C,因?yàn)锽為不定式,它用于句首時(shí),通常是表示目的,在此不合句意;而C為動(dòng)詞原形,選它會(huì)構(gòu)成祈使句,一是句意不通,二是這樣會(huì)導(dǎo)致前后兩句之間沒有連詞而出錯(cuò)。在剩下的A和D之間,只能選seeing,不能選seen,因?yàn)榫渥又髡Z是 I與see之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,而非被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
【注意】由于過去分詞本身可以表示被動(dòng),所以過去分詞不用被動(dòng)式,同時(shí)它也沒有被動(dòng)式。請(qǐng)看幾道相關(guān)的考題:
(1) The trees _________ in the storm have been moved off the road. (湖南卷)
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