(√) He has been dead for two years.

　　(√) He died two years ago.

　　(×) The film has begun for 10 minutes. 電影開演十分鐘了。

　　(√) The film has been on for 10 minutes.

　　(√) The film began 10 minutes ago.

　　(×) She has married for three years. 她結(jié)婚有三年了。

　　(√) She has been married for three years.

　　(√) She married Mike three years ago.

　　2) 考生不懂如何區(qū)分have been to和have gone to，盡管兩者均可后接地點(diǎn)，但have been to表示去過(guò)某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了），have gone to表示到某地去了（現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)回來(lái)）。如：

　　She has been to Paris (three times).

　　She has gone to Paris.

　　7

　　過(guò)去完成時(shí)

　　標(biāo)志：had + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

　　1. 表示在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。如：

　　By the end of last week he had finished the work.

　　He had left when I arrived.

　　2.  表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：

　　We had not seen each other since I left Beijing.

　　The film had been on for 5 minutes when I got to the cinema.

　　3. 某些表意向的動(dòng)詞（如intend， think， plan， expect， hope等）的過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、希望、打算。如：

　　I had intended to visit you last night， but someone called and I couldn’t get away.

　　We had hoped that you would come， but you didn’t.

　　4. （虛擬語(yǔ)氣）在條件狀體從句或wish / would rather等后面的從句中，使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的主觀愿望。如：

　　The party wouldn’t have been so perfect if you hadn’t come.

　　I wish I had gone with you to the concert that day.

　　5.  過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)

　　1) 基本區(qū)別：過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示以過(guò)去某時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)以前所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，即過(guò)去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示以現(xiàn)在時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)以前所發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)。如：

　　He studied there two years ago.他兩年前在那兒學(xué)習(xí)（離現(xiàn)在兩年）

　　He said he had studied there two years before.他說(shuō)他兩年前在那兒學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)。（離他說(shuō)話時(shí)兩年）

　　2) 特別注意：兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如果按順序發(fā)生，又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，或者用then， and， but等連詞連接時(shí)，多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：

　　When she saw the mouse， she screamed.

　　My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.

　　8

　　過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

　　標(biāo)志：would + 動(dòng)詞原形

　　1. 表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，一般用于主句為過(guò)去時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。如：

　　He said he would come here next Friday.

　　I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble.

　　2. 表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作習(xí)慣或傾向：

　　The old man would sit on a bench in the quite park for hours without doing anything.

　　When I worked on that farm， I would get up at 5 am.

　　3. 用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中：

　　If I were you， I would not do that.

　　If he were here， he would show us how to do it.

　　4. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的其他形式

　　1)  was / were going to + 動(dòng)詞原形。如：

　　He told us that he was going to attend the meeting.

　　She said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station.

　　2) was / were to + 動(dòng)詞原形。如：

　　The building was to be completed next month.

　　Li Lei was to arrive soon.

　　3)  was / were about to + 動(dòng)詞原形。如：

　　We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.

　　He was about to have lunch when the bell rang.

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