新一輪中考復(fù)習(xí)備考周期正式開(kāi)始，中考網(wǎng)為各位初三考生整理了各學(xué)科的復(fù)習(xí)攻略，主要包括中考必考點(diǎn)、中考常考知識(shí)點(diǎn)、各科復(fù)習(xí)方法、考試答題技巧等內(nèi)容，幫助各位考生梳理知識(shí)脈絡(luò)，理清做題思路，希望各位考生可以在考試中取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)！下面是《2018中考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：介詞和連詞》，僅供參考！
介詞和連詞
一、中考對(duì)介詞和連詞的知識(shí)要求：
中考對(duì)介詞的考查主要集中在：
1、掌握常用介詞及其詞組的主要用法和意義；
2、掌握常用動(dòng)詞、形容詞與介詞、副詞的固定搭配及其意義。
中考對(duì)連詞的考查主要集中在：
1、掌握并列連詞and, but, or, so等的主要用法；
2、掌握常用的從屬連詞的基本用法 ( when, after, because, as soon as…)
二、介詞考察點(diǎn)分項(xiàng)說(shuō)明：
介詞在英文中是一種虛詞。介詞不能單獨(dú)使用，一般也無(wú)句子重音。常常放在名詞或代詞之前，與之一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，共同充當(dāng)句子成分。很多介詞從詞義上往往看不出是介詞。如：against的意思是“反對(duì)”，在漢語(yǔ)里是動(dòng)詞，在英語(yǔ)里卻是介詞。
�。ㄒ唬┍硎緯r(shí)間的介詞：
1．a(chǎn)t, in ，on
(1)at表示“在某一時(shí)刻、某一時(shí)點(diǎn)”
�。�2）in表示“在某月、季節(jié)、年、世紀(jì)”以及泛指的上午、下午、晚上。
in September in winter in 1999 in the 20th century
in the morning/afternoon/evening
(3)on表示“在具體某一天或某天的上、下午”。泛指上、下午、晚上、夜間時(shí)用in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night；但若指具體某一天的上述時(shí)段時(shí)，則一律用on。
on Monday on April 1st
on the afternoon of May 23
2．from, since, for
(1)?from表示“時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)”。
You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. 周一至周五你什么時(shí)間來(lái)都行。
The exam will start from 9:00am. 考試將從上午九點(diǎn)開(kāi)始。
(2) since表示“自從……以來(lái)（直到現(xiàn)在）”
He has been away from home since 1973. 他自從1973年就離開(kāi)了家鄉(xiāng)。
We have known each other since ten years ago.我們十年前就認(rèn)識(shí)了。
(3) for 與since表示一段時(shí)間，但for與時(shí)間段連用，而since與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用。
for two hours since last week
3．a(chǎn)fter, in, within
(1) after表示“在……之后”，是before的反義詞。
We’ll hold a party after dinner. 晚餐后我們將舉辦晚會(huì)。
He got a cancer and died after a year. 他患了癌癥，一年后去世了。
(2) within“在……時(shí)間之內(nèi)”
I can finish it within an hour. 我不需一小時(shí)就可把它做完。
(3) in 后面接過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)表過(guò)去，若后面接一段時(shí)間，則表示“在……時(shí)間之后”
I was born in 1983.我出生于1983年。
My father will come back in three days.我爸爸將會(huì)在3天后回來(lái)。
（二）表示“地點(diǎn)、方向”的介詞：
1．in, outside between, among
(1) in表示“在……里面”，如：
What’s in the box? 盒子里是什么？
She put her book in the desk. 她把書(shū)放進(jìn)了書(shū)桌。
(2) outside指“在……外面”
There are many people outside the room. 房間外有很多人。
What did your see outside the hall? 你在大廳外看見(jiàn)了什么？
(3) between在……之間（指二者）
There is a hospital between the hotel and the post office. 在賓館與郵局之間有所醫(yī)院。
The building stands between the park and the small river. 那棟建筑位于公園和小河之間。
�、躠mong在……之間（指三者以上）
“There is a thief among you.” The policeman shouted to the crowd. 警察向人群喊道：“你們中間有個(gè)小偷！
He found his place among the crowd. 他在人群中找到了他的位置。
2．on, above, over, below, under
(1) on在……上面，表面相互接觸。
There is an apple on the table. 桌上有一個(gè)蘋(píng)果。
On the top of the hill, there is a flag. 山頂有一面旗子。
(2) above只表示“在……上方或位置高出……”，與below相對(duì)。
A plane flew above our heads. 一架飛機(jī)從我們頭上飛過(guò)。
The Turners live above us. 特納一家人住在我們的上面。
(3) over“在……正上方”，與under相對(duì)。
There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座橋。
The picture is hanging over the blackboard. 那張圖掛在黑板的正上方。
(4) below在……下方，低于……
There are many flowers below the window. 窗下有很多花。
Her skirt reaches just below her knees. 她的裙子剛到膝蓋下。
(5) under在……正下方
They sat under a big tree, drinking. 他們坐在一棵大樹(shù)下喝酒。
What are you wearing under your coat? 你外套里面穿了什么？
3．near, by, beside
(1) near在……附近，與far相對(duì)
A hospital was built near the railway station.在火車(chē)站附近建了一所醫(yī)院。
My home is near he school. 我的家離學(xué)校很近。
(2) by = beside,靠近，在……旁邊，比near距離更近??
He just sat by/ beside me in the cinema.在電影院他就坐在我旁邊。
He lay down beside the statuary. 他在雕像旁躺下了。
4．in front of,? in the front of ,? behind, around
(1) in front of在……前面 ,? in the front of表示“在……前部”，指里面。
A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一條河
They put a bunch of flowers in front of the door. 他們?cè)陂T(mén)前放了一束花。
There is a red chair in the front of the room.
在房間前面有把紅椅子。
(2) behind在……后面
A high building stands behind the village.村子后面有一高層建筑。
The cat lies behind the door. 貓?zhí)稍陂T(mén)后面。
(3) around在……周?chē)�，圍繞
There are many trees around the village.村子周?chē)泻芏鄻?shù)圍繞。
There are flowers around the stage. 舞臺(tái)周?chē)鷶[著鮮花。
5．a(chǎn)long, across, through
(1) along沿著
He likes to drive along the river.他喜歡沿著河開(kāi)車(chē)。
There are all kinds of beautiful flowers along the road street. 沿街有著各種美麗的花。
(2) across橫穿
The little girl is afraid to go across the street.這個(gè)小女孩不敢橫穿馬路。
It’s dangerous to run across the busy road. 跑著穿越繁忙的馬路是很危險(xiǎn)的。
(3) through穿過(guò)
It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel.開(kāi)車(chē)穿過(guò)這條隧道花了我們10分鐘時(shí)間。
He pushed his way through the crowd to the platform. 他從人群里擠到了站臺(tái)。
6．a(chǎn)t, in
二者都表示“在某個(gè)地方”，但at多指較小的地方，如車(chē)站、家等，而in多指在“大地方”，如城市、國(guó)家、大洲等。（但大小有時(shí)也是相對(duì)的）。
He lives at No.27 Zhongshan street in Nanjing.他住在南京市中山路27號(hào)。
The plane will arrive in Beijing at 13:00. 飛機(jī)將于13點(diǎn)到達(dá)北京。
三、其它用途的介詞：
1．表示“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或單位”的介詞：at, for, by
(1) at表示“以……速度”“以……價(jià)格”
He drove at a speed of 80 miles an hour.他以每小時(shí)80英里的速度行駛。
I sold my car at a high price.我以高價(jià)出售了我的汽車(chē)。
2．表示“材料”的介詞：of, from
(1) of表示從成品仍可看出原料。
This box is made of paper.這個(gè)盒子是紙做的。
This salad is made of apples and strawberries. 這種沙拉是由蘋(píng)果和草莓做的。
(2) from表示從成品已看不出原料。
Bread is made from wheat.面包是小麥做的。
The lifeboat is made from some special material. 這個(gè)救生艇是由某種特殊材料制成的。
3．表示“工具或手段”的介詞：by, with, on
(1) by憑借“工具或手段（多用于交通工具）如：
by bus乘公共汽車(chē)，by plane乘飛機(jī)
He usually goes to work by bike.他通常騎車(chē)去上班。
He sent the news to me by e-mail.他通過(guò)電子郵件發(fā)給了我這一消息。
(2) with用……工具
He broke the window with a stone.他用石頭把玻璃打碎了。
He stopped the ball with his right foot.他用右腳把球停住。
(3) on以……方式。多用于固定詞組。
They talked on the telephone.他們通過(guò)電話(huà)進(jìn)行交談。
She learns English on the radio/on TV.她通過(guò)收音機(jī)/電視學(xué)英語(yǔ)。
4．besides, except都表示“除了”。besides的用法就等于as well as。
He is interested in tennis besides （as well as） football.
除了足球，他還對(duì)網(wǎng)球感興趣。
（1）besides是包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的“除了”，可以理解為“除之外…還、除之外…又”，表示兩部分的相似性。
Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.
除他以外，還有25個(gè)學(xué)生去看了電影。(他和另外25人都去了)
We like biology besides English.
除了英語(yǔ)外，我們還喜歡生物。（生物和英語(yǔ)都喜歡）
�。�2）except是指不包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的“除了”，可以理解為“撇開(kāi)…不談”,表示兩部分的不同。
Everyone is excited except me.
除我以外的每個(gè)人都很激動(dòng)。（他們激動(dòng)，而我卻不激動(dòng)）
All the visitors are Japanese except him.
除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（其他人是日本人，可他不是）
三、連詞考察點(diǎn)分項(xiàng)說(shuō)明：
（一）表示并列關(guān)系的并列連詞有：
and, both…and, neither…nor, either… or, not only…but also， as well as
1．a(chǎn)nd
(1) “和，并且”，連接對(duì)等的詞句。（在否定句中要用or連接。）
I like physics and chemistry.我喜歡物理和化學(xué)。
I don’t like physics or chemistry.我不喜歡物理和化學(xué)。
2．both…and? “……和……都”
Both Jim and Mary went to the cinema yesterday.昨天吉姆和瑪麗都去看電影了。
Exercise is good both for body and for mind.運(yùn)動(dòng)有益于身心。
3．neither…nor 兩者皆不
He neither smokes nor drinks.他既不抽煙又不喝酒。
I like neither swimming nor skating.我既不喜歡游泳，又不喜歡溜冰。
4．either… or不是…就是…， 或者…或者….。
Either you come to the office now, or wait for me at home.
你要么現(xiàn)在到辦公室來(lái)，要么就在家等著。
Either he or I will leave. 不是他就是我將要離開(kāi)。
5．not only…but (also)不但……而且…… (not only…but also中的also可以省略。)
Not only she but also I am wrong.不但她錯(cuò)了，我也錯(cuò)了。
He not only made a promise, but kept it. 他不僅許諾，而且做到了。
6．a(chǎn)s well as也、又
We will rescue Henry as well as you. 除了你，我們還要營(yíng)救亨利。
He likes basketball as well as football. 除了足球，他還喜歡籃球。
二、常用的從屬連詞：
�。ㄒ唬┮龑�(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：when, while, since, until, after, before, as soon as
1．when當(dāng)……時(shí)
When we got there, the meeting had begun.我們到時(shí)，會(huì)議已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。
It was raining when she arrived at the station.她到達(dá)車(chē)站時(shí)，正在下雨。
2．while正當(dāng)……時(shí)，正在……時(shí)。（while引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，且常常用進(jìn)行時(shí)。）
Don’t make any noise while others are reading.別人讀書(shū)時(shí)不要制造噪音。
She sang while she was walking. 她邊走邊唱。
3．since自從
It’s just a month since we arrived here.我們到這兒剛好一月了。
My mother has been ill since I left home.自從我離開(kāi)家我媽媽就一直生病。
4．until直到……為止
Until you told me, I knew nothing at all about it.在你告訴我之前，我對(duì)此一無(wú)所知。
He didn’t appear until the meeting had begun.直到會(huì)議開(kāi)始他才露面。
5．before在……之前
after在……之后
I’ll phone you after I arrive.我到達(dá)之后給你打電話(huà)。
Say goodbye before you go.你走之前要說(shuō)再見(jiàn)。
6．a(chǎn)s soon as一……就
I’ll visit you as soon as I come back.我一回來(lái)就去拜訪(fǎng)你。
Please tell him as soon as you see him. 你一看見(jiàn)他就請(qǐng)告訴他。
（二）引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞：because, since, as, for, now that?
1．because因?yàn)?( because與so不能并用。)
I can’t believe in him because he isn’t honest. 我不能信任他，因?yàn)樗徽\(chéng)實(shí)。
She didn’t come because she didn’t know it. 她沒(méi)有來(lái)，因?yàn)樗恢馈?/div>
2．since既然
Since he says so, it must be true.既然他這么說(shuō)，那一定是真的。
Since you ask, I will tell you. 你既然問(wèn)，我就告訴你。
3．a(chǎn)s因?yàn)�，由�?/div>
As we are hungry, let’s have supper. 由于大家餓了，我們就吃晚飯吧。
Mother began to worry about my brother as it was getting dark.
由于天越來(lái)越黑，媽媽開(kāi)始為哥哥著急。
4．for因?yàn)?/div>
We can't go for it is raining. 我們不能走，因?yàn)檎谙掠辍?/div>
I enjoyed myself at the party for I knew all the guests well.
我在晚會(huì)上玩得很盡興，因?yàn)樗械膫�(gè)人我都很熟悉。
5．now that既然
Now that he is unhappy, let’s leave him alone. 既然他不高興，我們就讓他自己呆著吧。
Now that she feels sorry, please forgive her. 既然她很后悔，就請(qǐng)?jiān)徦伞?/div>
�。ㄈ┮龑�(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：
so…that, such…that
1．so…that 如此……以致
She is so tired that she can’t go any further. 她太累了，不能再走了。
She is so big a cat that she can’t get into the hole. 這貓?zhí)罅算@不進(jìn)這洞。
2．such…that 如此……以致
It’s such a beautiful place that I wouldn’t come back.這地方太美了，令我留戀忘返。
It’s such a fine day that many people go to the park for fun.
天氣這么好，許多人都到公園里來(lái)玩。
�。ㄋ模┮龑�(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞：so that, in order that以便
They hurried so that they can get there on time.他們加快了速度，為的是能夠按時(shí)到達(dá)。
I hired a boat in order that I can go fishing.為了去釣魚(yú)，我租了條小船。
�。ㄎ澹┮龑�(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞：than, as…as
He is taller than his brother. 他比他兄弟高。
She could draw as well as her teacher. 她能畫(huà)得跟她的老師一樣好。
�。┮龑�(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞：though, although （though與although的用法基本一樣）
Although it rained hard, he still went out.盡管雨下得很大，他還是出去了。
Even though I have enough time, I don’t want to go there with him.
盡管我有時(shí)間，可我并不想跟他去那。
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